BLACK RHINOCEROS (HOOK-LIPPED RHINOCEROS) Diceros bicornis MAMMAL Order Perissodactyla Description 10-12 ft long, up to 5 ft high at shoulder, 1-2 tons. Two horns made up of fibrous keratin; forward horn larger up to 28 in. Coat color varies with soil color due to wallowing behavior. Rhino species do not differ much in color, and the popular names of black and white rhino probably arose from local soil covering the first specimens seen. Range eastern Africa Status This species is listed as endangered and trade of this species is prohibited by international law. Primary cause of population decline is hunting; rhino horn made into dagger handles is a symbol of wealth in many countries. Contrary to popular opinion, it is not consumed primarily as an aphrodisiac; only small amounts are used for this purpose. Lincoln Park Zoo is a member of the black rhinoceros Species Survival Plan group.

Ecology Habitat montane rain forest to arid scrubland if water is available.   Niche herbivorous browser: eats leafy plants as well as branches, shoots, thorny wood bushes and fruit. Rhino skin harbors many external parasites which are eaten by tickbirds and egrets that live with the rhino. Young are preyed upon by hyenas. Solitary, more nocturnal than diurnal. Females not territorial; their ranges vary according to food supply. Males will tolerate properly submissive male intruders. Life History Mating non-seasonal, but births peak toward the end of the rainy season in drier habitats. Gestation 15-16 me. Single young about 85 lbs at birth, active soon after birth and can follow mother after about 3 days. Mature at 5 yrs; life span to 50 yrs in captivity. Special Adaptations Thick, layered skin protects animal from sharp grasses and thorns. Thick, padded soles on feet absorb shock and cushion legs. Prehensile upper lip helps in foraging and browsing. Large ears can rotate to pick up sounds from many directions. Large nose and excellent sense of smell help to detect predators. Horns used for defense and possibly display. Aggressive disposition discourages predators; tends to charge first and investigate later, possibly because it is nearsighted.